BIO编程
1、BIO介绍
Java BIO就是传统的Java I/O编程,其相关的类和接口在java.io。
BIO(BlockingI/O):同步阻塞,服务器实现模式为一个连接一个线程,即客户端有连接请求时服务器端就需要启动一个线程进行处理,如果这个连接不做任何事情会造成不必要的线程开销,可以通过线程池机制改善(实现多个客户连接服务器)。
BIO方式适用于连接数目比较小且固定的架构,这种方式对服务器资源要求比较高,并发局限于应用中,JDK1.4以前的唯一选择,程序简单易理解。
工作原理图如下:
- ①服务器端启动一个ServerSocket。
- ②客户端启动Socket对服务器进行通信,默认情况下服务器端需要对每个客户建立一个线程与之通讯。
- ③客户端发出请求后,先咨询服务器是否有线程响应,如果没有则会等待,或者被拒绝。
- ④如果有响应,客户端线程会等待请求结束后,才继续执行。
2、BIO实例分析
实例说明:
使用BIO模型编写一个服务器端,监听6666端口,当有客户端连接时,就启动一个线程与之通讯。
要求使用线程池机制改善,可以连接多个客户端。
服务器端可以接收客户端发送的数据(telnet方式即可)。
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50public class TestBIO {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//线程池机制
//1. 创建一个线程池
//2. 如果有客户端连接,就创建一个线程,与之通讯(单独写一个方法)
ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
//创建ServerSocket
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(6666);
System.out.println("服务器启动了");
while (true) {
//监听,等待客户端连接
final Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
System.out.println("连接到一个客户端");
//就创建一个线程,与之通讯(单独写一个方法)
newCachedThreadPool.execute(() -> {
//可以和客户端通讯
handler(socket);
});
}
}
//编写一个handler方法,和客户端通讯
public static void handler(Socket socket) {
try {
System.out.println("线程名字=" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ";线程ID=" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
//通过socket获取输入流
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//循环的读取客户端发送的数据
while (true) {
System.out.println("read....");
int read = inputStream.read(bytes);
if (read != -1) {
System.out.println(new String(bytes, 0, read));//输出客户端发送的数据
} else {
break;
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
System.out.println("关闭和client的连接");
try {
socket.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}在运行该程序并在终端输入”telnet 127.0.0.1 6666“命令连接此服务器端后紧接着运行结果如下:
使用BIO实现一个简单的聊天室:
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73public class GroupChatClient {
private final String HOST = "127.0.0.1";//服务器的ip
private final int PORT = 6666;//服务器端口
private Socket socket;
public GroupChatClient() {
try {
socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName(HOST), PORT);
String inetAddress = socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress() + ":" + socket.getLocalPort();
System.out.println(inetAddress + "与服务端建立连接!");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void start() {
try {
//启动线程用于读取服务端发送过来的消息
ServerHandler handler = new ServerHandler();
Thread t = new Thread(handler);
t.setDaemon(true);
t.start();
//发送数据给服务器端
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(osw);
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(bw,true);
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
while(true) {
String line = scanner.nextLine();
if("exit".equals(line)){
break;
}
pw.println(line);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
socket.close();//与服务端断开连接
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 该线程负责读取服务端发送过来的消息
*/
private class ServerHandler implements Runnable {
public void run(){
try{
//通过socket获取输入流读取服务端发送过来的消息
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
String line;
while((line = br.readLine())!=null){
System.out.println(line);
}
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
GroupChatClient groupChatClient = new GroupChatClient();
groupChatClient.start();
}
}1
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85public class GroupChatServer {
private ServerSocket serverSocket;
private List<PrintWriter> allClients = new ArrayList<>();
public GroupChatServer() {
try {
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(6666);
System.out.println("服务器启动成功");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void start() {
try {
while (true) {
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
String inetAddress = socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress() + ":" + socket.getPort();
ClientHandler clientHandler = new ClientHandler(socket, inetAddress);
Thread thread = new Thread(clientHandler);
thread.start();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
class ClientHandler implements Runnable {
private Socket socket;
private String clientAddress;
public ClientHandler(Socket socket, String clientAddress) {
this.socket = socket;
this.clientAddress = clientAddress;
}
public void run() {
PrintWriter p = null;
try {
//将客户端的打印流保存在数组
OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(out, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
BufferedWriter buf = new BufferedWriter(osw);
p = new PrintWriter(buf, true);//自动刷新
synchronized (GroupChatServer.class) {
allClients.add(p);
}
System.out.println(clientAddress + "上线了,当前人数:" + allClients.size());
//将消息转发给各个客户端
InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader(in, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
BufferedReader buff = new BufferedReader(ir);
String str;
while ((str = buff.readLine()) != null) {
//回复给客户端
synchronized (GroupChatServer.this) {
for (PrintWriter pw : allClients) {
pw.println(clientAddress + "说:" + str);
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//处理当客户端连接断开的操作
synchronized (GroupChatServer.this) {
allClients.remove(p);
}
System.out.println(clientAddress + "下线了,当前人数:" + allClients.size());
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
GroupChatServer groupChatServer = new GroupChatServer();
groupChatServer.start();
}
}