docker常用命令

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相关命令可以在官方文档查询：https://docs.docker.com/reference/

1、帮助命令

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docker version # 显示docker的版本信息
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docker info # 显示docker系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
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docker --help # 帮助命令

2、镜像命令

查看镜像

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docker images --help # 查看与镜像操作有关的帮助信息
docker images # 查看本地主机上的所有镜像
REPOSITORY(镜像仓库源) TAG(镜像的标签)  IMAGE ID(镜像id) CREATED(镜像创建时间)   SIZE(镜像的大小)
hello-world             latest         d1165f221234      6 weeks ago            13.3kB

查找镜像

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docker search --help # 搜索镜像帮助信息
docker search # 搜索镜像
docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000 # 过滤出STARS大于等于3000的mysql镜像

拉取镜像

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docker pull # 下载镜像
docker pull mysql等价于docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 如果不写tag，默认就是latest
docker pull mysql:5.7 # 下载指定版本的mysql

删除镜像

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docker rmi <IMAGE ID> # 删除指定镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部镜像

3、容器命令

新建容器并启动

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docker run <可选参数> image
可选参数说明如下：
--name # 设置容器名字
-d # 后台方式运行
-i -t # 使用交互方式进行，进入容器查看内容
-p # 指定容器的端口号（小写），有三种常用形式：①-p 主机端口:容器端口。②-p 容器端口。③-p ip:主机端口:容器端口。
-P # 随机指定端口（大写）

查看容器

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docker ps # 查看正在运行的容器
docker ps -a # 查看所有容器
docker ps -a -n # 显示最近运行的容器的个数
docker ps -a -q # 只显示所有容器ID

退出容器

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exit # 停止运行容器并退出
Ctrl+P+Q # 容器不停止退出

删除容器

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docker rm <CONTAINER ID> # 删除指定容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除全部容器

启动和停止容器

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docker start <CONTAINER ID> # 启动指定容器
docker restart <CONTAINER ID> # 重启指定容器
docker stop <CONTAINER ID> # 停止指定容器
docker kill <CONTAINER ID> # 强制停止指定容器

4、其它命令

查看日志

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docker logs --help # 日志帮助命令
docker logs -t -f --tail <显示的日志条数> <CONTAINER ID> # 查看容器日志

查看容器进程信息

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docker top <CONTAINER ID>

查看镜像的元数据

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docker inspect --help # 查看元数据帮助命令
docker inspect <CONTAINER ID> # 查看指定容器的元数据
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root@wocode-PC:/# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
82c3cb1a696a   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   4 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes             intelligent_mclean
root@wocode-PC:/# docker inspect 82c3cb1a696a
[
    {
        "Id": "82c3cb1a696a75e98dc689e43ff273813c991fc15a767d7e268e40e9a399b4f7",
        "Created": "2021-04-20T07:23:29.159620919Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo helloworld;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 21744,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-04-20T07:23:29.881676751Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/82c3cb1a696a75e98dc689e43ff273813c991fc15a767d7e268e40e9a399b4f7/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/82c3cb1a696a75e98dc689e43ff273813c991fc15a767d7e268e40e9a399b4f7/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/82c3cb1a696a75e98dc689e43ff273813c991fc15a767d7e268e40e9a399b4f7/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/82c3cb1a696a75e98dc689e43ff273813c991fc15a767d7e268e40e9a399b4f7/82c3cb1a696a75e98dc689e43ff273813c991fc15a767d7e268e40e9a399b4f7-json.log",
        "Name": "/intelligent_mclean",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/922966af51a52133caa8092c0f5125dbe22d7b64236258252e3107f9354ea983-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/75b63e85e26f4c38b10cabee93c99e8a7001284b44947dc4624dc42b5a016673/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/922966af51a52133caa8092c0f5125dbe22d7b64236258252e3107f9354ea983/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/922966af51a52133caa8092c0f5125dbe22d7b64236258252e3107f9354ea983/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/922966af51a52133caa8092c0f5125dbe22d7b64236258252e3107f9354ea983/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "82c3cb1a696a",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo helloworld;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "2911d2f9408dd540fb524c22408225456a9c279eb95f7812a13b1c472d543a57",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/2911d2f9408d",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "06892c4efe14c07b7e407b8acfa5c3461931cb841db5b9b8af74ce1ff5c8c982",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "2a38abc2fb1f6abcac56f0377cc35d99857603db8b0bda0fa3e71b7a22b864b2",
                    "EndpointID": "06892c4efe14c07b7e407b8acfa5c3461931cb841db5b9b8af74ce1ff5c8c982",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入正在运行的容器

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docker exec -i -t <CONTAINER ID> /bin/bash # 以交互方式进入正在运行的容器，并且会开启一个新的终端以便进行操作
docker attach <CONTAINER ID> # 进入容器正在运行的终端，不会启动新的进程

从容器中拷贝文件到主机

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docker cp <CONTAINER ID>:容器内路径 主机路径

5、小结